The accrual basis of accounting is generally used through businesses to record their daily activities. Using the accrual basis allows the business to record accounts receivable, accounts payable, loans, and accrued expenses. Consideration is given to income that is virtually earned, such as goods or services that have been delivered but the business is waiting for payment, and expenses related with generating that income that have been experienced but not yet paid for. Still, numerous businesses exploit the cash basis of accounting for their tax return. When using the cash basis the business merely records revenue when collected and expenses when paid. Even though differences arise between the two accounting procedures due to the differences in the recording of income and expenses, the two procedures can be reconciled.
Adjust the accrual basis accounts to cash, or tax, basis. These adjustments will affect a balance sheet account and an income statement account. For instance, to reconcile accounts receivable, an accrual basis account, subtract the opening accounts receivable balance from the year-end adjusted accounts receivable balance. The result specifies the increase or decrease in sales for the year. Adjust the sales account for this amount. For instance, if opening accounts receivable was $500,000 and the year-end adjusted accounts receivable was $700,000, the positive difference of $200,000 would be added to sales. The positive $200,000 designates the amount through which cash collections on sales increased. If the result was a negative number, it would be subtracted from the sales to reflect the outlay of cash, and therefore postponement of credit to customers. Adjusting the sales for the change in accounts receivable reconciles the sales from the accrual basis of accounting to the cash, or tax, basis of accounting through removing accrued revenues comprised in the accounts receivable account.
Make the same adjustment for accounts payable. Subsequently liability accounts have credit, or negative, balances, a negative number that results from subtracting the opening balance from the year-end adjusted balance is added to the expenses. A positive result is subtracted from the expenses because it represents a debit balance. Assign the accrued costs calculated to the suitable line items of your income statement. Through doing this, the accrued expenses are removed from the accounts payable.
Make comparable adjustments to other accrual basis balance sheet accounts. Accrual basis accounts contain deferred tax liability and accrued expenses. Calculate the change in the accounts and offset the result against the suitable income statement account.
Regulate your cash basis income for income and expenses which are limited or are reported through shareholders instead of the business. For instance, if the business is an S-Corporation or a Partnership, interest income and charitable assistances will be reported through the shareholders and partners, not the businesses. Accordingly, add or subtract these items from the accrual basis income. Expenses for meals and entertaining are limited on the business tax return to one-half of what was reported. To reconcile to the tax return, subtract one-half of the meals and entertaining.
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